Describe Physical free essay sample

Sperm contains 23 chromosomes the same as an egg, sperm also swims as it has to move up the cervix, in the uterus and along the fallopian tubes. During sexual intercourse the man will ejaculate and the sperm and the egg will form a ball of cells called an embryo. After one to one and half days later the egg will begin to divide. Then after 3 weeks of fertilisation the embryo will grow to be up to 0. 5cm long and will start to develop a brain, eyes, ears and limbs. At 8 weeks organs are formed, a heartbeat will become recognisable and so will facial features. The embryo will now be 3-4 cm long and is now called a foetus. At 20 weeks growth and development is still continuing and the foetus is now half the length and weight of a new born baby. At 40 weeks the foetus is ready to be born at around 50 cm long and weighing 3. 5 kg. At 9 months a fully formed baby is born. Infancy 0-3 years Physical Development- At birth babies are able to react to sudden noises, close their eyes to bright lights and open their eyes when being held up right. A baby is born with little head and neck movements; the first important physical skill they need to master is lifting their head and shoulders. At 4 months he or she will become stronger and be able to lift their chest. At 6 to 7 months he or she will be able to play with objects using their hands, which is a beginning of gross motor skills. Through a babies development muscles begin to strengthen dramatically, enabling a baby to stand on all fours, rock back and forth and take on full force crawling which is achieved around 8 to 9 months of age. Once a baby reaches his or hers first birthday they will start managing to support large amounts of weight and can start pulling themselves up onto their feet, beginning to learn to walk. This is known as a stage where he or she will walk unsupported across a room, stopping or either changing direction. At the age of one he or she will also tackle throwing, climbing the stairs, or propelling scoot toys which act towards an infant’s play skills. From the age of 2 and 3 he or she will become more steadied when walking, and during this stage they learn to stand holding more weight on one leg, tackle running and walking backwards. Between the ages of 30 to 34 months he or she are able to use outdoor play equipment, taking on jumping over obstacles and alternating their feet without holding onto anything to support them. Intellectual Development- At around 4 months an infant will begin to develop intellectually, he or she will explore using their mouth or by playing with fingers and toes. He or she can react to a sound or a voice and show attentions to bright colours and lights. At 8 months he or she can cry in ways which can show what’s wrong, for example if he or she feared something. Noises can also be made to detect how he or she feels about something, for example whether he or she is happy or sad with the toy she has been given. A young infant will also examine objects further by using their senses; touch, smell, etc. They also begin to start focusing on things, for example the shape or a certain toy. He or she will begin to show development in using their voices by babble expressively as if they were to be talking. Between the ages of 1 to 3 years he or she will begin to go through the development stages of speaking, firstly by pronouncing a first word and secondly by using equivalents for words such as ‘ma ma’. He or she will become more interested in picture books and the different shapes of objects. Hand gestures will become recognised and he or she will perhaps begin to use his or hands express their feelings, or simply to say hello or goodbye. Social and Emotional Development At 4 months an infant can cry with tears to tell whether they are feeling fear, pain, discomfort or loneliness, they can also begin babble and coo. These used are a way of communication. He or she can also be at the stage where they can return smiles given. At 8 months he or she will be able to respond to their own name or other things by squealing laughing or babbling. He or she can imitate actions and movements. They may also develop gestures such as putting their arms up when wanting to be held. Infants will also respond differently to strangers than the way they will respond to their family, he or she may feel distressed or even anxiety if they were to be separated from their parents. However they will become familiar with family names. Between the ages of 1 and 3 years he or she will develop in a way that they express feelings towards themselves, become more attached to their parents or even a favourite toy that’s special to them. He or she will gain a close bond with his or her parents and begin to imitate what their may do. They will also begin to express fear and anxiety towards people they are unaware of. Adolescence 10-18 years Physical Development At the age of 10 a child will move into adolescence, where he or she will experience turning into a teenager, to then a young adult. In the early years of adolescence he or she will experience puberty. During this stage body hair will begin to appear and perspiration will increase. A female will discover breast and hip development and be onset to menstruation. Boys will experience growth in testicles, penis and the change in the deepening of their voice. He or she will also discover physical growth in their weight and in their height. In the middle of adolescence puberty will become settled and physical growth in girls will begin to slow down, however it will still continue at its regular pace for boys. Towards the end of adolescence a young woman will be about fully developed, although young men will still continue to gain height, weight, muscle mass and body hair. Intellectual Development During adolescence a young person will develop intellectually by gaining a growing capacity for abstract thought, deeper interest in moral thinking and an intellectual interest expand. He or she will also show more interest in the present time than about the future to come. Mid way into adolescence the capacity for abstract thought will continue to still grow, and he or she will gain a greater capacity for setting goals, an interest in moral reasoning and will begin to think about the meaning of life in more depth. Towards the end of adolescence he or she will have the ability to think ideas through, make examination of inner experiences, become thinking concerns for the future, delay in gratification and still continue reasoning for moral reasoning. Social and Emotional Development During adolescence young people will experience themselves going through social and emotional development in the life stage of adolescence. In the beginning he or she will struggle with knowing their sense of identity, become feeling body and self-conscious and will become more influenced by peer groups. Conflict may occur with their parents, due to the increase of moodiness, the desire to be independent and to be allowed privacy. Child-like behaviour is expected to re-occur when he or she is stressed. Mid way into adolescence he or she will become more concerned about the way they look and will have an intense self-involvement, which will change between high expectations and poor self-concept. Socially he or she can have more of a reliance to make friends, which creates a popularity issue. He or she may also development feelings and passion towards a person, although he or she could become distant with their parents. Towards the end of adolescence emotions begin to become stable and the sense of identity is firmer. He or she will become independent on them-selves and begin feeling concerns towards others. There also becomes a development where he or she starts wanting serious relationships towards people and they will also begin to look at social and cultural traditions more importantly. Adulthood 19-65 years Physical Development Physical development for adults comes very different to what a young person going through childhood would encounter. In the early stage of adulthood he or she will begin to gain the last few inches of weight to their frame. Although men will as well be gaining muscle mass and for woman breasts and hips will begin to finish filling out. In both woman and men the sexual desire, strength, coordination and sensory acuity are at their greatest. Towards the end of this stage both genders will experience signs of ageing, for example fine lines. Later on in adulthood between the ages of 45 and 65 ifficulties will begin to occur such as farsightedness and hearing loss. Internal changes also begin to happen like lung and heart capacity’s becoming smaller. Externally more wrinkles and dark spots will appear and the skin will lose its elastic, which causes flexibility to be lost. Intellectual Development In the beginning of adulthood most people have finished education and could be going on to further education such as university, to gain more and more qualifications. During this time young adults usually have a good memory and have good concentration. Towards late adulthood many life experiences, wisdom and complex intellectual skills have been obtained and ready to be passed on. Emotional Development Emotionally during adulthood the majority of a people have an increased self-esteem and confidence, however this would be providing that their emotional factors in their life are positive and any relationships they have are stable. Social Development In the beginning of adulthood people gain social relationships through being around different social friend groups and work. Some young adults even find boyfriends or girlfriends, which they then decide to take their relationship to the next level into marriage and family life. However when an adult goes into this stage their life can become stressful and tiring bringing up a family, leaving them not much time to go to social events or spend time with friends. Although in the middle of adulthood when the his or hers children are growing up and are now at the stage themselves where they are becoming more independent, the pressure then comes off of the parents allowing them to return to their previous freedoms. Once retirement approaches in later adulthood, this also enables he or she to increase social activities with the extra time and money they have. Although someone older people do loose social relationships due to death. Old Age 65+ Physical Development Life over 65 is the slowing down of physical activity; however some people are still able to do their physical activities but are limited at the extremes that they can perform it at. The efficiency of the body also becomes reduced making physical changes such as; circulation, breathing and the heart become weaker, organs such as the kidneys and liver become less efficient, blood capillaries become more likely to burst, muscles and skin become less elastic, people become less mobile due to the muscles and joints becoming less flexible, people are more likely to develop arthritis, impairments and disability become more of a risk, hearing can be lost and the speed in thinking slows down. Intellectual Development At this age people begin to find solving problems and intellectual challenges more difficult, however it is said that the more an elderly person keeps active, the more alert they are. People at this age are also at risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease, although the risks are enhanced when a person has bad health habit such as smoking. Dementia can cause a variety of disabilities such as; memory loss, problems doing everyday things, problems with recognising who people are, difficulties in communication, difficulties in controlling emotions and a difficulty in understanding what people mean. Social Development When people hit retirement age they are enabled with more opportunities to meet new people than when they was out working, for example attending day centres. This enables them to interact with each other making more social relationships Emotional Development During old age people are at risk of losing self confidence and self-esteem due to being miss-treated or abused when vulnerable. However through this stage people are still continuing to develop a sense of self as life goes on. Final Stages of Life In the final stages of life people find it harder to live mobile due to the deterioration, causing problems such as loss of eyesight and heart problems. He or she could also experience changes such as becoming unresponsive, loss of appetite, loss of bladder and bowel control and shallow or noisy breathing.